damage-stability-booklet

A safe ship without damage stability compliance is like peanut butter without jelly, coffee without creamer, or ham without jam.

Okay. That last one didn’t make sense.

But you get the point.

Damage stability has been one of the buzz word in the maritime industry in last few years.

And you’re doing yourself a massive disservice if you don’t take time to understand damage stability.

But you already know that.

What you might not know, though, is which resource provide what information about damage stability.

That is why I’m going to discuss about all the resources related to damage stability.

Let us jump in.

Damage stability booklet

The information provided in damage stability booklet can be divided into three parts

  • Damage control booklet (required for all type of ships)
  • Damage stability calculation (required for tankers)
  • Damage control plan (required for all type of ships)

Sometime you may find all this as one booklet called “damage stability booklet”. And on some ships, you may find three different booklets titled as above.

Let us discuss what information each of these provides.

1) Damage control Plan

Damage control plan is required as per SOLAS chapter II-1/Regulation 19.

As per this regulation

A plan showing clearly for each deck and hold the boundaries of the watertight compartments, the opening therein with means of closing and position of any control thereof, and arrangement for the correction of any list due to flooding.

In simple words, the plan needs to show the

  • layout of all the compartments such as cargo tanks, ballast tanks, fuel tanks etc.
  • means of closer such as valves, watertight bulkheads, hatches or cargo tank domes and its position
  • arrangement for correction of the list during flooding. Such arrangement could be the use of ballast pumps, Fire & GS pumps. In this case, location & capacities of these pumps need to be shown on the plan.

The more detailed guidelines about the information required in the damage control plan are provided in MSC circular MSC.1/Circ 1245.

Damage control plan is required to shows the location and other details about resources required for damage control.

For example during flooding into a compartment, we would like to check the air pipes if air is coming out from these. Damage control plan gives the location and details of the air pipes of all compartments.

Air-Vent-damage-control-plan

It gives the location and details of all watertight (and weather tights) doors on the ship.

doors-damage-control-plan

Similarly, damage control plan gives the details of Tanks, Hatches or other compartments on ships.

hatch damage control plan

It gives the type and location of important valves that can help in damage control or help in restricting the flooding.

valves damage control plan

And finally, it also provides the information (like capacity) and location of pumps (such as Fire and GS pump, ballast pump etc) that can be used for pumping out the water during flooding.

pump damage control plan

Apart from all this information, the location of these will be displayed on the ship’s plan.

damage-control-plan-DIAGRAM

2) Damage control booklet

The name says it all. This booklet gives the information to the master about how to control the effect of damage.

Damage control booklet is also required as per SOLAS chapter II-1/Regulation 19.

The information required in the damage control booklet is contained in the MSC circular MSC.1/Circ.1245.

As per SOLAS chapter II-1/19, damage control booklet need to have all the information as per damage control plan. To comply with this, usually, a copy of damage control plan will be included in the damage control booklet.

Apart from this, damage control booklet is supposed to provide information and guidance to the master about actions to take in case of damage to the ship.

These specific actions may include

  • Sounding of alarms to alert the crew
  • the closing of all watertight doors and compartments
  • Sounding of tanks to check where the water is flooding and with what rate
  • ways to reduce the effect of flooding such as by use of pumps to pump out water.

Along with this information, some ship’s damage control booklet may also provide a flow chart to deal with damage situations. Below is one of such flowchart.

Damage-control-plan-flow chart

Rest of the damage control booklet will consist of the information and guidance to support required actions as per this flowchart.

For example, one of the action requires the vessel to monitor tank sounding. Damage control booklet will have one section with the ready format for recording tank soundings.

Sounding-table-damage-control-plan

Another action requires the vessel to report the damage situation to the necessary organization such as ‘Emergency response service”. For this damage control plan will also provide a ready format for such reporting.

3) Damage stability calculations

Damage stability calculations demonstrate the compliance with the applicable damage stability regulation.

These are the calculations made during the design stage of the ship and verified after the construction.

For example, oil tankers need to comply with damage stability requirements as per MARPOL Annex I, regulation 28.

Damage stability requirements for oil tankers are based on Damage assumptions, meaning that extent of damage is assumed at locations as mentioned in Marpol Annex I, Reg 28.

damage-assumption-Marpol-1-reg-28

 

Damage cases are drawn based on these damage assumptions. For example below are the damage cases for a ship.

damage-cases-damage-stability-booklet

These damages are then assumed for all the loaded conditions mentioned in ship’s trim & stability book (intact stability conditions).

The damage cases are not applied to the ballast conditions because the damage stability requirements apply to the tankers in loaded condition only.

For this ship below are the loaded conditions in the intact stability booklet.

intact-loading-conditions

Let us take damage case 101. This damage case requires assuming damage to 6 compartments.

In each of the intact loading condition, these damages need to be assumed.

After these assumed damages, the ship needs to comply with damage stability requirements mentioned in MARPOL Annex I, Reg 28.

As per Marpol Annex I, reg 28…

damage-stability-requirements-MARPOL

And for damage case 101, we will have a total of 9 damage stability conditions, each for one loading conditions. Let us name these conditions as

  • Condition 13/ Damage 101
  • Condition 14/ Damage 101
  • Condition 15/ Damage 101
  • Condition 16/ Damage 101
  • Condition 17/ Damage 101
  • Condition 18/ Damage 101
  • Condition 19/ Damage 101
  • Condition 20/ Damage 101
  • Condition 21/ Damage 101

Each damage case will have 9 damage stability conditions. For this ship, there are a total of 21 damage cases and total 9 intact loaded conditions.

The damage stability calculations need to be done for total 189 conditions.

The damage stability calculations need to be done for total 189 conditions.

And the end results of these calculations are supposed to comply with the damage stability criteria as per MARPOl Annex I, reg 28.

These calculations form the part of booklet “Damage stability calculations”.

4) Damage Stability Information

SOLAS Chapter II-1/Reg 19.5 requires that

damage stability information shall provide the master with a simple and easily understandable way of assessing the ship’s survivability in all damage cases involving a compartment or group of compartments.

What does this mean?

Let me explain.

Damage stability calculations showed that ship will comply with damage stability requirements when damage cases are applied to the pre-defined intact loading conditions.

But in reality, our actual loading conditions during the voyages may be totally different from that in intact stability condition.

Our actual loading may not match with any of the loading conditions in the stability booklet.

This SOLAS regulation requires clear and easy instructions to be given to check if our actual condition complies with the damage stability requirements.

These instructions are usually in form of a graph (or table) of Draft versus minimum GM (or maximum KG). There may be a different graph for the different trim of the vessel.

Minimum-GM-curve-damage-stability

This information will form the part of either “Damage stability calculations” or “damage control booklet”.

If the vessel has a single “Damage stability booklet”, you will find this information in there.

5) Emergency Response service

MARPOL Annex 1/Reg 37.4 requires that

All oil tankers of 5000 T deadweight or more shall have prompt access to computerized shore-based damage stability and residual structural strength calculation programs. 

In the real world, this program is usually named as “emergency response service” and is provided by classification societies.

emergency-response-service

Though this is mandatory for oil tankers, ship owners prefer this service for other types of vessels too, especially on container ships.

This service provides an emergency helpline number and email.

In case of a damage and breach of hull plating, the master can call this number and update regarding the incident.

Master then need to send the initial reports, loading condition before the damage and extent of damage by email.

The service provider will advise

  • if the vessel will be able to sustain this damage
  • what specific action vessel can take to reduce the effect of damage.

There is something else that ERS can be used for.

It can be used for showing the compliance with the damage stability requirements.  Some vessels still do not have the facility in the loadicator to calculate damage stability.

If the vessel’s actual loading condition is not matching with any of the pre-defined loadicator conditions in the intact stability booklet, this loading condition can be sent to the ERS.

They will check the loading condition and advise if it complies with the damage stability requirements.

This is considered to be one of the methods for checking the damage stability compliance.

In fact, if the condition is approved for compliance with the damage stability, same can be added to the list of approved damage stability conditions.

6) Loadicator with damage stability

MARPOL Annex I regulation 28.6 requires the oil tankers to be fitted with loadicator capable of calculating damage stability compliance.

MARPOL-Annex-I,-Regulation-28.6

The loadicator if fitted with damage stability can check compliance with all the damage cases identified as per MARPOL or other regulations for other types of ships.

To check the damage stability compliance on the Meca Loadicator, go to calculations -> Stability -> Damage stability

Loadicator_damage_stability

It will show all the damage cases identified in the damage stability booklet.

loadicator cases damage

Click on the “Pre-determined” to check if the ship complies with the damage stability requirements.

damage_stability_on_loadicator

 

Conclusion

A seafarer may or may not go through any incident requiring the use of damage stability on board.

But we need to be prepared for the worst.

Knowledge of damage stability can help to take quick decisions at times when each minute matters.

Knowing about damage stability does not mean knowing the complex calculations. It is to know the exact actions in case of damage and knowing about the resources on board that would help in these actions.

Damage stability calculations, damage control plan/booklet, emergency response service and loadicator are the resources that we must know about.

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Capt Rajeev Jassal

About Capt Rajeev Jassal

Capt. Rajeev Jassal has sailed for over 24 years mainly on crude oil, product and chemical tankers. He holds MBA in shipping & Logistics degree from London. He has done extensive research on quantitatively measuring Safety culture onboard and safety climate ashore which he believes is the most important element for safer shipping.

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51 Comments

dishan alwis
dishan alwis
Jan 7, 2018

thank you sir, very good explanation

Rajeev Jassal
Rajeev Jassal
Jan 9, 2018

Glad you liked it Dishan...

Ercan Altay
Ercan Altay
Jan 8, 2018

Thank you Capt. Rajeev it s realy a hard topic i appreciate you make all very clear to understand. During my

Ercan Altay
Ercan Altay
Jan 8, 2018

During my tenure onboard sometimes due to company stricht instruction to load the full cargo sometime one or two damage cases do not comply with damage stablity cases.what is the best action to do in this condition .pls assume that all possibility is done with ballasting deballasting transfering fw or fo do.

Rajeev Jassal
Rajeev Jassal
Jan 9, 2018

If after doing everything, any of the damage cases does not comply, we need to reduce the quantity of the cargo. Otherwise, vessel does not comply with the damage stability requirements. PSC can detain the vessel because of this deficiency.

Ivan
Ivan
Jan 9, 2018

Capt Rajeev, ur the best. May God bless you and your family for ur good deeds

Rajeev Jassal
Rajeev Jassal
Jan 17, 2018

Thanks Ivan...

Ercan Altay
Ercan Altay
Jan 9, 2018

Thank you Capt. Rajeev for your answer

Rajeev Jassal
Rajeev Jassal
Jan 17, 2018

Thanks Ercan....

Vikas Katnoria
Vikas Katnoria
Jan 16, 2018

Cleared all my doubts regarding damage stability. God bless you Sir.

Rajeev Jassal
Rajeev Jassal
Jan 17, 2018

Glad you found it helpful Vikas...

Arun Varghese
Arun Varghese
Jan 29, 2018

Thank you sir for choosing this topic. How to assertain the worst damage stability condition from damage stability booklet?

Valerij Blakunov
Valerij Blakunov
Feb 2, 2018

Thank you very much for your good topic! But I still have one question: nowadays almost all SIRE inspectors like to ask Chief Mates about "Worst stability case" knowledge of the ship. Is there only one Worst Stability Case must be determined or it should be calculated each time on loadicator for exact loading condition?

AJAY KUMAR
AJAY KUMAR
Mar 3, 2018

Sir You really made my day, excellent approach.. salute

Rajeev Jassal
Rajeev Jassal
Mar 21, 2018

Thanks Ajay...

Abdullah khan
Abdullah khan
Mar 12, 2018

Sir Thanks alot for all the topics.

Rajeev Jassal
Rajeev Jassal
Mar 21, 2018

Thanks Abdullah...

Jack  Kali
Jack Kali
Mar 19, 2018

"My Sea Time" is what all the cadets in the world needs, if they really want to understand something about shipping in a simply straight forward explanation. Capt. Rajeev your contribution is highly appreciated. I wish i have this during my cadet time, anyway its very useful to me as a Captain now to teach my cadets.

Rajeev Jassal
Rajeev Jassal
Mar 21, 2018

So glad to hear that Jack...

Kadiravan Rajendran
Kadiravan Rajendran
Mar 23, 2018

how to answer the SIRE inspector question pertaining to "What is the worst damage stability criteria?" your topics are simple and practical.

aditya
aditya
Apr 26, 2018

i have studied from your blogs for chief mates. thanks sir. they are so simple and easy to understand. you explain so easily that concepts get clear from there roots. and then answering surveyor becomes so easy.

Soontaek Lee
Soontaek Lee
May 10, 2018

Hi Captain, it is very good article. I remember when I compared ICLL & MARPOL 73/78 several years ago, damage stability criteria in MARPOL was regulation 25 and GZ minimum value was 1.0m while ICLL was 0.1m. But now it is reg28 and GZ minimum is 0.1m. Do you know the history?

Soontaek Lee
Soontaek Lee
May 10, 2018

I found that IMO MARPOL 2002 code was Reg 25 and still it 0.1m. My mistake.

T Aroul
T Aroul
Jun 2, 2018

I m preparing for my ASM oral very useful ,Thanks captain

engr pelumi
engr pelumi
Jun 11, 2018

i am in greet need of damage stability booklet for mt adnan 101 in lagos nigeria at kiri kiri jetty am on +2348138721173

Azad
Azad
Jan 2, 2019

Very helpful for mariners.

Roman
Roman
Feb 23, 2019

How to fing among damage stability cases which is the worst case acenario? How to choose which one is the wors case scenario?

Aniket pradip upadhaye
Aniket pradip upadhaye
Feb 26, 2019

Hii sir could pls explain the ffa equirements like.fixed foam requirement,co2 requirement for engine room ,deck in breif.

ANTHONY D RODRIGUES
ANTHONY D RODRIGUES
Apr 10, 2019

Hi sir , what all info we need to send ERS in case of damage

Minakshi Kumari
Minakshi Kumari
Aug 19, 2019

Can't thank u enough....

SAADI
SAADI
Aug 21, 2019

Good day , very interesting , would like to get more info regarding damage control plan , thanks in advance .Mr SAADI Sofiane DPA/CSO

Ravneet singh
Ravneet singh
Dec 9, 2019

Who approves these plans, please clarify, I mean damage stablity plan approval.

AMAR ANAND
AMAR ANAND
Apr 23, 2020

I have gone thru your all articles .... you are great sir.....

Korean C/O
Korean C/O
Aug 2, 2020

Thank you sir, god bless you

Lim Kean Hin
Lim Kean Hin
Sep 16, 2020

Dear Capt. Rajeev. Good write up and explanation. You mention at the beginning "Damage stability calculation (required for tankers" can you point me the reference for this? Does that mean other types of vessel does not need Damage Stability Calculation? ie only need plan and damage control action? Thank you.

Manoj kr Meena
Manoj kr Meena
May 31, 2022

HI SIR, Its very good explanation and easy to understand,while preparing exam max seafarer reading your blog , its very helpfull to me or other seafarer.thank u so much for helping.

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READ MY REVIEW HOW I WIN $158m CONTACT DR KACHI NOW FOR YOUR OWN LOTTERY WINNING NUMBERS. I was a gas station truck driver and I always playing the SUPER LOTTO GAME, I’m here to express my gratitude for the wonderful thing that Dr Kachi did for me, Have anybody hear of the professional great spell caster who help people to win Lottery and clear all your debt and buy yourself a home and also have a comfortable life living. Dr Kachi Lottery spell casting is wonders and works very fast. He helped me with lucky numbers to win a big money that changed my life and my family. Recently i won, ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY EIGHT MILLIONS DOLLARS, A Super Lotto ticket I bought in Oxnard Liquor Store, I am so grateful to meet Dr Kachi on internet for helping me to win the lottery and if you also need his help, email him at: drkachispellcast@gmail.com and he will also help you as well to win and make you happy like me today. Text number OR Call: +1 (209) 893-8075  visit his Website, https://drkachispellcaster.wixsite.com/my-site

Roseranda
Roseranda
Apr 26, 2023

Today has been the happiest day of my life after 6 months of sadness and sorrow without being with the one I love. I tried all my possible best to make sure I make my husband happy but it never seems to work out well, it was like I’m doing everything in vain but all thanks to Dr Omokpo for coming to change all my worries and sadness to Joy. I knew this great man when I read some wonderful reviews about him on how he has helped a lot of people on their relationship problems, i was reading a magazine which then I saw great testimonies on how he has helped some women to reunite their homes and husbands. so I decided not to waste time and I contacted him via: his email and he told me not to worry. He assured me that within 63 hours everything would be sorted out, i believed so much because I believe he can’t fail me and I sent him all my details. Truly he never failed me, my husband who left me for good 6 years came back to me apologizing and asking for forgiveness. Since then, My husband and I have been living happily, reunited with his love spells. Thank you so much for your powerful spells. My expressions are not sufficient to say thank you. His email address: (DROMOKPO@GAMIL.COM) in-case you have any problems or health issues and I believe he will surely solve yours just the way he solved mine. His WhatsApp number: +2348065941096

allendave6945@gmail.com
allendave6945@gmail.com
May 2, 2023

I lost my Job few months ago, my wife left me ,could not get income for my family, things was so tough and I couldn't get anything for my children, not until a met a recommendation on a page writing how Mr Bernie Wilfred helped a lady in getting a huge amount of profit every 6 working days on trading with his management on the cryptocurrency Market, to be honest I took the risk to take a loan of $2000. and I contacted him unbelievable and I was so happy I earn $22,500 in 6 working days, the most joy is that I can now take care of my family I don't know how to appreciate your good work Mr. Bernie Doran God will continue to bless you for being a life saver I have no way to appreciate you than to tell people about your good trade management system. 
For a perfect investment and good strategies contact Mr Bernie Doran via WhatsApp :+1(424)285-0682 or Telegram : @Bernie_fx or Gmail : Bernie.doranfx01@gmail.com

Susan Harrington
Susan Harrington
May 13, 2023

Hello everyone out here!! My Fiancée Lesbian who left me is back, I want to share my testimony it's my happiness with you all in this site, last year my Lesbian Wife left me for another woman, she abandon me alone and I miss her, since everything was so hard for me because i really love her so much, i didn’t lose hope i try my best to get her back when i was searching online and read testimonies of Dr Kachi how he has been helping ladies in getting there Ex lover back, I had no option than to seek for help, i contacted Dr Kachi explain my problem to him, Dr Kachi Guarantee me not to worry that's going to help me cast a return love spell for me, that will bring my Lesbian Wife back and assure me within 2days, it was just like a magic my wife who left me surely return back, i couldn't believe when she live the other lady and she come back to me with so much love and caring will are together now, I will never forget this help that Dr Kachi did for me, a love spell that brought my wife back. If you are here and you need help to get your Ex Lesbian back do contact Dr Kachi through this email: drkachispellcast@gmail.com I'm proud to be on his testimony page. His Number Text and Call +1 (209) 893-8075 Visit his Website: https://drkachispellcaster.wixsite.com/my-site

Matt
Matt
May 22, 2023

My name is Matt. I'm here to say a very big thanks to Priest Salami and his great Oracle for saving my marriage. No one would have believe that I and my wife will ever come back together again as lovers. But this great spell caster reunited us in just 48hours. Priest Salami is truly a real and honest online spell caster. Contact him now on: purenaturalhealer@gmail.com. Whatsapp number: +2348143757229

doctorjohnas17@gmail.com
doctorjohnas17@gmail.com
May 25, 2023

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Vivian Marcus
Vivian Marcus
8 hours ago

Hello my name is Vivian Marcus from the United State, i'm so exciting writing this article to let people seek for help in any Break up Marriage and Relationship, Dr Kachi brought my Ex Boyfriend back to me, Thank you Sir Kachi for helped so many Relationship situation like mine to be restored, i was in pain until the day my aunt introduce me to Dr Kachi that she got her husband back with powerful love spell with help of Dr Kachi So i sent him an email telling him about my problem how my Boyfriend left me and cheating on me because of her boss lady at work i cry all day and night, but Dr Kachi told me my Boyfriend shall return back to me within 24hrs and to me everything he asked me to do the next day it was all like a dream when he text me and said please forgive me and accept me back exactly what i wanted, i am so happy now as we are back together again. because I never thought my Ex Boyfriend would be back to me so quickly with your spell. You are the best and the world greatest Dr Kachi. if you're having broke up Ex Lover or your husband left you and moved to another woman, You do want to get Pregnant do not feel sad anymore contact: drkachispellcast@gmail.com his Text Number Call: +1 (209) 893-8075 You can reach him Website: https://drkachispellcaster.wixsite.com/my-site

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