Air pollution is a real thing. And the world can already see what damages it is causing.
Air pollution has caused a drastic increase in the number of Asthma patients.
Air pollution has caused acid rain which damages the ecology.
And air pollution is the main contributor to global warming.
So air pollution is a real thing and we need to act today.
That is what IMO must have said to itself in the year 1997 when it adopted Annex VI to the Marpol convention.
Air pollution, Global warming, acid rain, ozone depletion. No matter how big words these may seem, it is not that tough to bring our contribution in preventing these.
All we have to do is comply with the Annex VI of the Marpol. The first step towards compliance is the knowledge of what is expected from we seafarers.
In this post, I will discuss 10 things we ought to know about Marpol Annex VI.
Let us start.
1. SOx
This is one of the components that Annex VI aims to reduce from burning of ship’s fuel.
SOx is the short form of Sulpher oxides and the most common sulphur oxides gases are Sulpher dioxide (SO2) and sulphur trioxide (SO3).
In the third IMO Green house gases study, MEPC noticed that shipping contributes to the 13% of the total SOx emissions.
When averaged for the years 2007 to 2012, a total of 11.3 million tonnes of SOx gases were emitted from the ships.
The question is, how SOx emission from the shipping can be reduced.
And there are only two possible ways
- Burn less or no fuel
- Use fuel containing as low sulphur as possible
Though optimizing speed for better fuel efficiency is encouraged by all the stakeholder, it is something that cannot be enforced upon.
The thing that can be enforced is the use of low sulphur fuel on board ships.
MARPOL Annex VI does exactly that.
As per regulation 14 of the MARPOL annex VI
The sulphur content of any fuel oil used on board ships shall not exceed the following limits:
- 4.50% m/m prior to 1 January 2012;
- 3.50% m/m on and after 1 January 2012; and
- 0.50% m/m on and after 1 January 2020.
Of course, the first limit of 4.5% m/m is no more valid as we are already past 1 January 2012 deadline.
These limits are reduced when the ship is operating within an emission control area.
- 1.50% m/m prior to 1 July 2010; and
- 1.00% m/m on and after 1 July 2010;
- 0.10% m/m on and after 1 January 2015
Fuel Changeover procedures
When a ship is going to emission control area, it needs to change the fuel consumption to the low sulphur fuel as required.
This change over requires that before entering into the ECA, all the components of the fuel system must be using low sulphur fuel.
These components include
- Main engine
- Boilers
- Associated Fuel oil pumps
- Associated pipelines
Ship’s staff should be aware of the time required for this change over and how this fuel change over is to be executed.
Marpol Annex VI requires that
Each ship shall carry a written procedure showing how the fuel oil changeover is to be done. This shall allow sufficient time for the fuel oil service system to be fully flushed of all fuel oils exceeding the applicable sulphur content prior to entry into an emission control area.
Marpol annex VI also requires that record is maintained for all fuel oil change-over carried out before entry into ECA and after exit from ECA.
The record must contain at least the following information
- Tank wise Soundings and volume of low sulphur fuel oil
- Date, time and position fuel change over started
- Date, time and position fuel change over completed
- Date, time and position of entry into ECA
- Date, time and position on exit from ECA
2. NOx
As with the SOx, NOx too is the major air pollutant that is seriously harmful.
In the third IMO Green house gases study, MEPC noticed that shipping contributes to the 15% of the total NOx emissions.
But unlike SOx, NOx gases are not generated by burning the fuel but by the process of burning the fuel.
NOx gases are produced from the reaction of nitrogen and oxygen gases present in the air during the combustion process.
This reaction takes place at the high temperatures which the combustion of fuel in the engine provides.
So how the NOx can be reduced from the ship’s diesel engine?
It can only be reduced by the design of the diesel engine.
Well, I do not have a technical bone in my body so I won’t go into detail of what design changes can produce lesser NOx.
But for the purpose of understanding the requirements of Annex VI, we just need to know that NOx emission can be reduced by the better design of the ship’s engine.
Now there are certain NOx emission levels set by the MARPOL Annex VI. The requirements of these emission levels are divided into three tiers.
- Tier I
- Tier II
- Tier III
A Marine diesel engine that is installed on a ship constructed on or after 1 January 2000 and prior to 1 January 2011 fall under Tier I.
A Marine diesel engine that is installed on a ship constructed on or after 1 January 2011 fall under Tier II.
Tier III requirements are
- for the ships operating in an emission control area designated for Tier III NOx control
- for the ship is constructed on or after 1 January 2016 and is operating in the North American Emission Control Area or the United States Caribbean Sea Emission Control Area
Compliance with NOx emission
We have so far seen what NOx is and what Marpol Annex VI requires in terms of NOx emissions.
But the question is, how do we know if the amount of NOx gases emitted by the ship’s engine is within the required levels?
How do we prove the compliance with required NOx standards on board?
Compliance with NOx emission involves few parameters and records. Let us discuss this one by one.
Engine International Air Pollution Prevention Certificate (EIAPP)
Hearing about this certificate for the first time? Get your hands on this certificate next time you are on board.
EIAPP certificate must be present on board. And this certificate needs to be for each of the diesel engines more than 130KW on board.
Why 130KW?
Because the NOx requirements are applicable for diesel engines more than 13oKW power.
Now say, the ship is fitted with one main engine and three auxiliary engines (generators). There needs to be EIAPP certificate for all these.
Now, what does EIAPP certificate certify?
EIAPP certificate is issued after the engine is found to be complying with the NOx emission requirements during the pre-certification survey.
The pre-certification means the survey done before fitting the engine on board the ship.
Having an EIAPP certificate on board shows that the engine fitted on board was complying with the NOx parameters and an engine of correct specifications was fitted on board.
International Air pollution prevention certificate (IAPP)
After the engines are fitted on the ship, the test is again done on the engines for compliance with the NOx criteria.
This test is required because when the engine is fitted on board ships, some changes/modifications might have been done on the engines.
This test proves that the engine still complies with the NOx requirements even after fitting on the ship.
If the engines are found to in compliance with the NOx criteria of annex VI, International air pollution prevention certificate is issued to the ship.
NOx on board Verification
Having EIAPP and AIPP certificates on board proves that the engine of the correct specification is fitted on board.
It proves that when the engine was fitted on board, the NOx emissions from the engine were within limits and as required by MARPOL annex VI.
But how can we prove that even after 10 or 20 years in operation, the ship’s engines still comply with these requirements?
There are three ways in which ship can prove that it still complies with the NOx requirements.
- Engine Parameter Check method
- Simplified Measurement method
- Direct Measurement and Monitoring method
The method that the ship is certified to use for on board verification of NOx is specified in the EIAPP certificate of the engine.
And the procedure to verify on board compliance (and using the certified method) is provided in the NOx technical file that accompany the EIAPP certificate of the engine.
The “simplified measurement” and “Direct measurement and monitoring” methods are based on measuring the NOx emissions from the engine.
Frankly, I seldom see these two methods used for NOx on board verification.
What I have mostly seen is the Engine parameter check method used on the ships for NOx on board verification. May be because of the simple principle it is based upon.
Engine parameter check method
This method is based on the principle that if the engine complied with the NOx parameters at the time it was fitted on board, it should continue to comply if there are no modifications/adjustment made to the engine.
This is really a simple and logical thing to say.
And as there are absolutely no extra costs involved to use this method, this method is most common among ship owners.
So there are few things that are required from this method that we must know.
- We must know the engine parts that contribute to the NOx emission. Modification and adjustments of these parts must be as per the Maker’s guidelines.
- If any of these spare parts of the engine need to be changed, it must be changed with the original part supplied by the maker.
- Any adjustments made to these parts must be within the range specified by the maker of the engine.
- A record must be kept of all the replacements of the spare parts and all the adjustments made to these parts.
Durning annual, intermediate and renewal survey of the Air pollution prevention certificate, these records, and engine parameters are checked by the class surveyor.
The international air pollution prevention certificate is endorsed or renewed on the basis of these verifications by the class surveyor.
NOx Technical file
So I said for the NOx compliance with engine parameter check method, the parameters of the engines need to be same throughout the life of the engine.
But where can we find these parameters for the engines fitted on board?
Where can we find the list of components that affect the NOx emission from the engine?
These all parameters are there in the NOx technical file.
NOx Technical File is a record containing all details of parameters, including components and settings of an engine, which may influence the NOx emission of the engine.
So there is one NOx technical file for each engine for which an
EIAPP certificate is issued.
NOx technical file contains information about
- identification of those components, settings and operating values of the engine which influences its NOx emissions
- Allowable adjustments on the engine
- on board NOx verification procedures to verify compliance with the NOx emission limits during on board verification surveys
Conclusion
Marpol annex VI requires that ship must comply with the SOx and NOx emission requirements set out in the convention.
Seafarers must be aware of how to ensure compliance with SOx and NOx emissions.
Compliance with SOx is simple. Just use the fuel with sulphur content as per the limitation set for the area the ship is trading. Ship staff must have the procedures to change over from high sulphur to low sulphur fuels.
The compliance with NOx is ensured if
- the ship has EIAPP certificate for each of the diesel engine fitted on board
- The ship has a valid Air pollution prevention certificate
- All the components of the engine are maintained as per the NOx technical file provided on board for each diesel engine.
When we do so, not only we can sleep peacefully, we can also take pride for contributing towards making the earth a better place to live.
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About Capt Rajeev Jassal
Capt. Rajeev Jassal has sailed for over 24 years mainly on crude oil, product and chemical tankers. He holds MBA in shipping & Logistics degree from London. He has done extensive research on quantitatively measuring Safety culture onboard and safety climate ashore which he believes is the most important element for safer shipping.
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106 Comments
Sir, could you clarify on the following: 1) what does % m/m mean? 2) the IMO website states different dates for special areas with regards to "date of entry into force" and "in effect from".
%m/m is the percentage of mass per mass. So if 1 gram of sulphur is present in 1 kg (1000 grams) of oil, it will be 0.1 % m/m. I leave the maths up to you...
Finally understood Annex VI completely....Thanks a tonne
Thanks Farhan...
finally i got it man , thanks a ton man
Thanks...
Very eloquent in explaining !
Thanks Gokul...
Hi Mr.Jassal, really u have so nicely & so easily make us understood.Thanks for ur contribution.The fundamental was missing from all other books i read.Preparing for my orals now; at least in this section i would be more comfortably than the surveyor i think.
Glad you found it useful Arunava...
Amazing work in a simple manner.Keep the good work going sir.
Glad you liked it Siddharth...
Thank you for the explanation. I have a further query, if there is no approved NOX spare onboard then what will be the correct course of action ?
I read many times annex vi but first time covered full thank you very much Capt. Rajeev
Its very clear to me now.tnks.
sir hats off to you.. before i thoght EIAPP AND IAPP WOULD BE THE SAME..BUT NOW I KNW...THANK YOU SIR..
I had searched Google about nox, sox...earlier but there was only 9 ways to reduce this 5 ways to increase that and so on... Finally found your article! Nicely explained crucial points.
thank u sir. explained in simple language. finally understood sox and nox.
I'm very appreciate You for Yrs detailed and edifying lecture.
Good job....thank you..sir...
It is required to be updated every engine maintenance job done all jobs under Technical file section D? replace/overhaul.
Sir please am carrying out a research on pollution from engine exhaust, and I will need your help. This is my email- etinyenejohnson@gmail.com Thanks
Thanks for the explanation, it was simple and easy to understand. Very helpful read.
For SOx controlling an alternative is "Exhaust Gas Cleaning"
kindly explain how to accomplish nox record, specially the difference of ID number and parts number portions for FO inj. nozzle. tnx.
thank you for the very useful information. my question is, is there a form which must be filled up just in case you renew or check a specific part of an engine? example nozzles,plunger and barrel. because recently we were inspected by an port state and he is looking for a form which must be filled up when i change a nozzle of a generator engine.
no comparison to this extremely easy way of explanation. I worry to wonder if you ever stopped writing articles. Please never do. In my opinion seafarer fraternity has never seen any such source of bright knowledge anywhere in books or internet; even the teachers. As a fellow seafarer, I am ready to extend any support whatsoever , should you require in this process of sharing your knowledge. You undoubtedly put a lot of efforts in gathering the quality of material that we are able to access with just single easy click. Thanks a lot captain
Thanks sir
thank you very much sir...
Outstanding information!
Well said sir. Thanks so much for such brilliant explanation. It's really essential that we, seafarers, have such knowledge in order to save our universe!!!
Thanks so much sir, for this good information. Its very important for us, seafarers, to have a good knowledge about air pollution in order to save the world.
What about frequency of verification, monthly?annual?need your wise suggestion.
Very nicely explained sir
Many thanks for your detailed explanation!
Kindly explain HSSC and ESP
thanks a ton for explaining this nox technical file in such a way .
It clearly and easily understood by everyone. Thanks for the explanation http://humatech.co.kr/index.php?lan=eng
Thanks so much sir, for this good information.
Nicely explained crucial points. air quality monitor
Excellent explanation Great job sir!!!!
"You can only buy replacement parts from the original supplier" Whilst engine builders may try to convince you of this, it is simply untrue. The engine’s NOx technical file must be supplied to the vessel upon delivery and this technical document gives all the parameters for all NOx influencing components and the requirements stipulated must be met irrespective of supplier in order to renew your environmental certificate. But In order for the class society to reissue the environmental certificate for the vessel, a surveyor needs to check all components and settings using the NOx technical file as reference. This process and the supporting documentation must be supplied to them irrespective of where the replacement is purchased.
sir, your Simple way of explaining clears so many doubts.
Very nicely presented.
sir please write blog on MLC and STCW
Great Work Sir....who says you do not have technical bone.....I am an engineer....You have very good knowledge which many engineers is not having....keep doing good work sir...
Very nice
Hi sir...your contents are great, helping me a lot for class 2 exam now ...keep do more...thank you
Very well explained nox n sox..
Hii Sir, Your blog is very useful. Could you please share the procedures for conducting Nox spot test in SCR onboard for Annual survey to renew IAPP Certificate.
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If measurement and monitoring methods are not mandatory, and not used, is it therefore impossible to prove that even after 10 or 20 years in operation, the ship’s engines still comply with these requirements?
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i just want to say a big thanks to Dr Oniha for what he has done for me, i contacted him at the point of my needs and he came through for me, he said he was gonna help me and he did, i played lottery for 20 years and couldn’t win a dime, at a point i was disappointed and almost gave up, but then another thought came to my mind why don’t i try a lotto spell since i have already heard about people doing it, and then i decided that i will give it a try, but there was a lot of spell casters online this got me confused that i didn’t know which to pick, i decided to follow my instinct and i picked Dr Oniha i sent him an email and waited for couple of hours no reply, at this point i was already anxious and eager to get a reply from him and then i sent him a test on his WhatsApp and immediately he responded i told him what i wanted and he gave me assurance that i must win after his spell, i did what was asked of me, behold i hit the jackpot. i am so so happy to share this here because i have never seen a miracle like this before, thank you so much Dr Oniha you are a life saver. Anyone out there can also talk to him if you need his assistance too, that is why i'm testifying about his good work so people in need can reach out to him. Call/Whatsapp number: +16692213962 EMAIL: ONIHASPELLTEMPLE@GMAIL.COM Website: http://onihaspells.com https://www.facebook.com/Onihaspell?mibextid=ZbWKwL
My boyfriend of 2 years broke up with me last week. I wasn’t eating and i wasn’t talking to anybody, I cried a lot, I was so depressed and stressed out that I ended up in the hospital because of all the stress and depression. One day as i was searching online on getting love tips because I Love & care about him deeply and I just want us to be together as a couple again. I found a powerful man Called Ilekhojie that he solved so many relationship problem…… so i contacted him and explain everything to him, then Dr Ilekhojie told me he will come back to me within 48hrs after after he helps me with a reconciliation spell. It worked perfectly as he promised and David retured and started asking for me to accept him back. Am so happy now that Dr Ilekhojie has done as he promised. Contact Dr Ilekhojie as his 100% guaranteed and effective. Email him at (gethelp05@gmail.com WhatsApp +2348147400259
Hello my name is Vivian Marcus from the United State, i'm so exciting writing this article to let people seek for help in any Break up Marriage and Relationship, Dr Kachi brought my Ex Boyfriend back to me, Thank you Sir Kachi for helped so many Relationship situation like mine to be restored, i was in pain until the day my aunt introduce me to Dr Kachi that she got her husband back with powerful love spell with help of Dr Kachi So i sent him an email telling him about my problem how my Boyfriend left me and cheating on me because of her boss lady at work i cry all day and night, but Dr Kachi told me my Boyfriend shall return back to me within 24hrs and to me everything he asked me to do the next day it was all like a dream when he text me and said please forgive me and accept me back exactly what i wanted, i am so happy now as we are back together again. because I never thought my Ex Boyfriend would be back to me so quickly with your spell. You are the best and the world greatest Dr Kachi. if you're having broke up Ex Lover or your husband left you and moved to another woman, You do want to get Pregnant do not feel sad anymore contact: drkachispellcast@gmail.com his Text Number Call: +1 (209) 893-8075 You can reach him Website: https://drkachispellcast0.wixsite.com/my-site
My birthday is very precious to our family so my grandfather suggested that I buy a lottery ticket to mark it. I knew it was not easy to win the lottery so I did research on google when I saw numerous testimonies where people testified about lord Bubuza lottery spell and how he gives lottery winning numbers after casting a lottery spell. I spoke to lord Bubuza for help to win a lottery just to mark my birthday as it was very precious to us, He promised to cast his lottery spell for me and told me what was required so I provided his requirements and after casting the spell he gave me some numbers to play. When I went to the store, I wasn’t sure what to ask for because I had never bought a ticket before, so I called my dad who told me to buy a LOTTO 6-49 Quick Pick. My name is Juliette Lamour, I still can’t believe I hit the Gold Ball jackpot on my very first lottery ticket and won $48 million with the numbers lord Bubuza gave me. I want to say thank You sir publicly. Join me Thank him via email: Lordbubuzamiraclework @ hotmail . com or via Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Lordbubuzalotteryspell or WhatsApp: +1 951 442 2214
My birthday is very precious to our family so my grandfather suggested that I buy a lottery ticket to mark it. I knew it was not easy to win the lottery so I did research on google when I saw numerous testimonies where people testified about lord Bubuza lottery spell and how he gives lottery winning numbers after casting a lottery spell. I spoke to lord Bubuza for help to win a lottery just to mark my birthday as it was very precious to us, He promised to cast his lottery spell for me and told me what was required so I provided his requirements and after casting the spell he gave me some numbers to play. When I went to the store, I wasn’t sure what to ask for because I had never bought a ticket before, so I called my dad who told me to buy a LOTTO 6-49 Quick Pick. My name is Juliette Lamour, I still can’t believe I hit the Gold Ball jackpot on my very first lottery ticket and won $48 million with the numbers lord Bubuza gave me. I want to say thank You sir publicly. Join me Thank him via email: Lordbubuzamiraclework @ hotmail . com or via Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Lordbubuzalotteryspell or WhatsApp: +1 951 442 2214
My birthday is very precious to our family so my grandfather suggested that I buy a lottery ticket to mark it. I knew it was not easy to win the lottery so I did research on google when I saw numerous testimonies where people testified about lord Bubuza lottery spell and how he gives lottery winning numbers after casting a lottery spell. I spoke to lord Bubuza for help to win a lottery just to mark my birthday as it was very precious to us, He promised to cast his lottery spell for me and told me what was required so I provided his requirements and after casting the spell he gave me some numbers to play. When I went to the store, I wasn’t sure what to ask for because I had never bought a ticket before, so I called my dad who told me to buy a LOTTO 6-49 Quick Pick. My name is Juliette Lamour, I still can’t believe I hit the Gold Ball jackpot on my very first lottery ticket and won $48 million with the numbers lord Bubuza gave me. I want to say thank You sir publicly. Join me Thank him via email: Lordbubuzamiraclework @ hotmail . com or via Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Lordbubuzalotteryspell or WhatsApp: +1 951 442 2214
REAL LOVE SPELL CASTER PRIEST WISDOM THAT HELP ME SAVE MY RELATIONSHIP.TEXT OR ADD HIM UP ON WHATSAPP: +2348124644470 My name is CLARA JAMES .I want to give thanks to PRIEST WISDOM for bringing back my ex husband.No one could have ever made me believe that the letter I’m about to write would actually one day be written. I was the world’s biggest skeptic. I never believed in magic spells or anything like this, but I was told by a reliable source (a very close co-worker) that Trust is a very dedicated, gifted, and talented person,It was one of the best things I have ever done. My love life was in shambles; I had been through two divorces and was on the brink of a third. I just couldn't face another divorce, and I wanted to try harder to make our relationship work, but my husband didn’t seem to care. and he broke up with me again . I was confused and did not know what to do again, rather they got in contact with PRIEST WISDOM.He did a love spell that made my husband come back to me. We are now very much happy with ourselves. PRIEST WISDOM makes him realize how much we love and need each other .This man is for REAL and for good . He can also help you to fix your broken relationship. I had my husband back! It was like a miracle! He suddenly wanted to go to marriage counseling, and we’re doing very, very well , in our love life . contact email Supernaturalspell@yahoo.com or text or add him up on whatsApp at: +2348124644470 his web page https://supernaturalspell21.blogspot.com/ or go to his page https://web.facebook.com/PRIESTWISDOM11
Hello, Good day to you all, I will like to share my testimony of how Dr. Ige Ajayi. Helped me solve my marital problems. My husband left me for good 3month to be with another woman, I was so sad and frustrated, 1 faithful day I was browsing and I came across a testimony of how Dr. Ige Ajayi helped a lady bring back her husband and the woman was happy, so I contacted him for help, in less than 48hours my husband called me and start apologizing for everything. Now we are happy together I have my joy back. Contact Dr. Ige Ajayi, for any kind of marital problems, court case, any kind of sickness or diseases. You will be happy you did. Email: drigeajayi@gmail.com/WhatsApp: +2348130035939.
I'm super excited to share this amazing testimony on how I won $70,000,000 Million dollars with the help of Dr Benjamin who gave me some lottery winning numbers, I have been playing lottery games for years now and I never won, one fateful day my colleague told me how he had helped his cousin win lottery and he gave me his contact information, after the close of the day I emailed him and he responded after some time, I told him all I wanted and he assured me that he's going to help me as he has done for many. After some time he gave me an instruction which I followed diligently, later that night he gave me the numbers and I played it as instructed to my biggest surprise I was among the luck winners. It was a dream come through for me. My big thank you Dr Benjamin for your selfless services to humanity and I pray that you reap the fruit of your services now and always. If you need same miracle he's open to helping as many that comes to him for help, he can help you too. Contact him today via his personal information, Email: drbenjaminlottospell711@gmail.com Whatsapp:+17066036031
I'm super excited to share this amazing testimony on how I won $70,000,000 Million dollars with the help of Dr Benjamin who gave me some lottery winning numbers, I have been playing lottery games for years now and I never won, one fateful day my colleague told me how he had helped his cousin win lottery and he gave me his contact information, after the close of the day I emailed him and he responded after some time, I told him all I wanted and he assured me that he's going to help me as he has done for many. After some time he gave me an instruction which I followed diligently, later that night he gave me the numbers and I played it as instructed to my biggest surprise I was among the luck winners. It was a dream come through for me. My big thank you Dr Benjamin for your selfless services to humanity and I pray that you reap the fruit of your services now and always. If you need same miracle he's open to helping as many that comes to him for help, he can help you too. Contact him today via his personal information, Email: drbenjaminlottospell711@gmail.com Whatsapp:+17066036031 ................
Have you been playing lottery and you have been praying to God to help you win big cry no more. Dr Ayoola is here to help you out God has sent him to put a smile on peoples faces. I came across some comments on my Facebook when I was reading some comments on my facebook. someone he help talk about this man I was amaze and I have been playing lottery for so many years now and I have been praying to God to send someone my way to help me out so I contact this man and told him what I want he promise and assure me that I'm going to win i believe and follow instructions and today I'm here sharing the same testimony to my friend out here after I play the number Dr Ayoola gave to me I won the same of 67,million dollars am so grateful to you Dr Ayoola for your help if you are out there and you want to win big in lottery contact Dr Ayoola he will help you out like he did to me contact him now drayoolasolutionhome@gmail.com or https://www.facebook.com/Dr-Ayoola-105640401516053/ text or call +14809032128
Have you been playing lottery and you have been praying to God to help you win big cry no more. Dr Ayoola is here to help you out God has sent him to put a smile on peoples faces. I came across some comments on my Facebook when I was reading some comments on my facebook. someone he help talk about this man I was amaze and I have been playing lottery for so many years now and I have been praying to God to send someone my way to help me out so I contact this man and told him what I want he promise and assure me that I'm going to win i believe and follow instructions and today I'm here sharing the same testimony to my friend out here after I play the number Dr Ayoola gave to me I won the same of 67,million dollars am so grateful to you Dr Ayoola for your help if you are out there and you want to win big in lottery contact Dr Ayoola he will help you out like he did to me contact him now drayoolasolutionhome@gmail.com or https://www.facebook.com/Dr-Ayoola-105640401516053/ text or call +14809032128
Have you been playing lottery and you have been praying to God to help you win big cry no more. Dr Ayoola is here to help you out God has sent him to put a smile on peoples faces. I came across some comments on my Facebook when I was reading some comments on my facebook. someone he help talk about this man I was amaze and I have been playing lottery for so many years now and I have been praying to God to send someone my way to help me out so I contact this man and told him what I want he promise and assure me that I'm going to win i believe and follow instructions and today I'm here sharing the same testimony to my friend out here after I play the number Dr Ayoola gave to me I won the same of 67,million dollars am so grateful to you Dr Ayoola for your help if you are out there and you want to win big in lottery contact Dr Ayoola he will help you out like he did to me contact him now drayoolasolutionhome@gmail.com or https://www.facebook.com/Dr-Ayoola-105640401516053/ text or call +14809032128
Have you been playing lottery and you have been praying to God to help you win big cry no more. Dr Ayoola is here to help you out God has sent him to put a smile on peoples faces. I came across some comments on my Facebook when I was reading some comments on my facebook. someone he help talk about this man I was amaze and I have been playing lottery for so many years now and I have been praying to God to send someone my way to help me out so I contact this man and told him what I want he promise and assure me that I'm going to win i believe and follow instructions and today I'm here sharing the same testimony to my friend out here after I play the number Dr Ayoola gave to me I won the same of 67,million dollars am so grateful to you Dr Ayoola for your help if you are out there and you want to win big in lottery contact Dr Ayoola he will help you out like he did to me contact him now drayoolasolutionhome@gmail.com or https://www.facebook.com/Dr-Ayoola-105640401516053/ text or call +14809032128
Have you been playing lottery and you have been praying to God to help you win big cry no more. Dr Ayoola is here to help you out God has sent him to put a smile on peoples faces. I came across some comments on my Facebook when I was reading some comments on my facebook. someone he help talk about this man I was amaze and I have been playing lottery for so many years now and I have been praying to God to send someone my way to help me out so I contact this man and told him what I want he promise and assure me that I'm going to win i believe and follow instructions and today I'm here sharing the same testimony to my friend out here after I play the number Dr Ayoola gave to me I won the same of 67,million dollars am so grateful to you Dr Ayoola for your help if you are out there and you want to win big in lottery contact Dr Ayoola he will help you out like he did to me contact him now drayoolasolutionhome@gmail.com or https://www.facebook.com/Dr-Ayoola-105640401516053/ text or call +14809032128
Hi everyone i want to share my amazing testimony on how Dr Wealth transformed my financial life, i still finds it difficult to believe that i now worth millions of dollars, am from US i have been playing lotto for so long and i have never win any reasonable amount, i was glancing through things online and i came across a testimony of a woman who won a very huge amount of money with the help of Dr Wealth who prayed for her and gave her a winning numbers to play, and surprisingly her name came out among the winners she won 36 million dollars, so i also decided to try my luck i contacted the Dr Wealth and i also asked him for help and he told me what i needed to do which was a very easy task which i did and on the second after he has made prayers for me he gave me some numbers and told me that i should go and play so i went to play the number in the morning and on Tuesday i went to check the result there i got the shock of my life, i saw my name amongst the winners list i won an amount i have never dreamed of, my mouth was open and i didn't know what to say, i just want the worlds to know that there is a great man called Dr Wealth, if you have been playing lotto game and you never won i will advice you to contact Dr Wealth for help and i promise you he will never fail you, here are his contacts, you can email him on Drwealthmag@gmail.com you can also WhatsApp him on +14752913784. GOODLUCK!
Hi everyone i want to share my amazing testimony on how Dr Wealth transformed my financial life, i still finds it difficult to believe that i now worth millions of dollars, am from US i have been playing lotto for so long and i have never win any reasonable amount, i was glancing through things online and i came across a testimony of a woman who won a very huge amount of money with the help of Dr Wealth who prayed for her and gave her a winning numbers to play, and surprisingly her name came out among the winners she won 36 million dollars, so i also decided to try my luck i contacted the Dr Wealth and i also asked him for help and he told me what i needed to do which was a very easy task which i did and on the second after he has made prayers for me he gave me some numbers and told me that i should go and play so i went to play the number in the morning and on Tuesday i went to check the result there i got the shock of my life, i saw my name amongst the winners list i won an amount i have never dreamed of, my mouth was open and i didn't know what to say, i just want the worlds to know that there is a great man called Dr Wealth, if you have been playing lotto game and you never won i will advice you to contact Dr Wealth for help and i promise you he will never fail you, here are his contacts, you can email him on Drwealthmag@gmail.com you can also WhatsApp him on +14752913784. GOODLUCK!
i am super excited this very moment indeed Dr Dominion is truly a good man, i doubted him from the beginning but right now i can trust him with my all because he has put a beautiful smile on my face and change my life from struggle to millionaire, what would i have done without him, just few months ago i was struggling wondering what would my life turn into, now i am here sharing a wonderful testimony of my life, after i explained my whole situation to him he took me as his own daughter and removed my family from shame, he prepared a lottery winning spell for me with true sincerity and gave me a winning number to play and that was how i won that jackpot, Dr Dominion took away my shame, my pain and my worries, what a humble man with a heart of gold, thank you so much i am very grateful for what you have done for me, should you have any interest in giving it a try or going through any difficulties i think he is the right man to talk to and i believe he can help Email: dominionlottospelltemple@gmail.com website: https://dominionlottospell.wixsite.com/dr-dominion WhatsApp: +16574277820 Call: +12059642462
I am so grateful, My name is Keti Marie form USA I want to use this great opportunity to thank Dr. Ayoola for helping me to restore my broken marriage after 9 months of divorce. My Husband breakup with me because he see another Rich woman in there office and told me he is no longer interested in me and he live me in pain and heart break. I seek for help on the internet and i saw so many good talk about this great love spell caster called Dr Ayoola and i love my husband very much, then I contacted him and explain my problems to him and he told me don't worry everything is going to be alright and he cast a powerful love spell for me which i use to restore my broken marriage after 4 days my husband return back to me and i am so grateful to you Dr Ayoola you have done a good work for me, that is why i also want to let everyone who is in need of help to fix your broken marriage or relationship to Contact Dr Ayoola on his Via email drayoolasolutionhome@gmail.com or https://www.facebook.com/Dr-Ayoola-105640401516053/ text or call /WhatsApp+14809032128
Once agin i thank God for using Dr EHIS whose details are thebrotherhoodtemple@gmail.com to bring back my ex lover after many months of separation within the space of 3hrs that i contacted him. with the help of his powerful spell my lover that left me has came back to me and my relationship is also protected by his powers indeed Dr EHIS is someone that you can depend on and run to for help when you are facing any problem in your relationship . contact him through those details below to get your help
Hi guys, I don’t have much to say right now rather than to say thank you to Dr HERRY for rescuing me and my family from poverty. I love playing the lottery but winning big is always the issue for me. I will never forget the day I came in contact with Dr HERRY whose lottery spell made me a winner of $560,000,000 million dollars cash prize on the jackpot lottery game I played just by giving me sure winning numbers within 3 days to play the lottery game after he prepared the lottery spell for me. My financial status has changed for good and I’ve started to live my dream life after 14 years of playing the lottery. Thank you Dr HERRY for I’m very grateful for all you’ve done for me and my family. You can or call or message Dr HERR Y via +2347045451476 or email: DrHerry189@gmail.com or visit: https://www.facebook.com/DrHerry-102339232327182/.com for more information
I WANT MY EX LOVER BACK LOVE SPELL TO BRING BACK YOUR EX LOVER & BROKEN RELATIONSHIPS OR MARRIAGE BACK. Thanks to Dr Omokpo for helping me save my broken marriage that almost led to divorce forever. I am so happy now and my heart is filled with joy because this great man has brought back my husband with his love spell. I am grateful for the great help he have bring to me and my family If you have any relationship problems health issues or you want to get your Ex lover back contact this great spell caster on email: dromokpo@gmail.com His WhatsApp number: +2348065941096
This is certainly a shocking and a genuine live Testimony!!!!. It was hard for me to believe when i saw a comment on the internet regarding how Dr Emmanuel help people winning lottery by sending them the winning numbers. This winning numbers are 100% guarantee that you must win the lottery. I give it a try and i won 39,000,000,00USD. My dreams came through when i email Dr Emmanuel and tell him i need the lottery numbers. i have come a long way spending money on ticket just to make sure i win. But i never know that winning was so easy until the day i meet the spell caster online which so many people has talked about that he is very great in casting lottery spell, so i decide to give it a try.I contacted this man and he did a perfect spell and he gave me the winning lottery numbers. I won. Dr Emmanuel truly you are the best, with these man you can win millions of money through lottery. once again i say very big thanks to you sir for helping me to win the lottery, and please sir keep your good work because people need your help in their lives Email him: [dremmanuellottoryspellcaster@gmail.com] also call him or what-app +1(332)253-4306
Hi everyone reading this amazing testimony of mine and i want to give my own verdict on how you can win the lottery by contacting Dr Kumar for your lottery numbers. I started playing lottery games for years now and I have never won big. I went online to seek help to see if i could get some tips on how I can win bigger amounts on the lottery and I saw some nice reviews about Dr Kumar who has made different people huge winners in the lottery by sending them lottery numbers. I gave it a try and I contacted Dr Kumar by email and he told me how and what to do before I can become a big lotto winner and I accepted. He made special prayers for me at his temple and sent me the required lottery numbers to play and when I played it, I won a massive $235.4 million POWERBALL jackpot. I was so happy and I chose to receive my winnings in a one-time, lump-sum payment of $160,038,447.27 at Florida Lottery Headquarters in Tallahassee and the balance was given to the store that I bought & played the game from. I would love other people who want to win the lottery to seek help from Dr Kumar and he will also send you the lottery numbers and make you a winner just like me. You can reach Dr Kumar on email: spellcasttemple@gmail.com or WhatsApp +2347051705853
I'm so happy that I finally won $13.3 million Mega Millions lottery jackpot, I took an advice from some person who talked about this great spell caster called Dr Emmanuel the person placed a testimonies on a blog saying how Dr Emmanuel helped him win the lottery by sending him the winning number I was curious and I thought it was all joke not until I contacted this spell caster to know for myself how this work cause I have spend a lot buying tickets and I never win. I contacted him and he told me the necessary thing that need to be done and I did it and he told me to wait for 3days and truly he gave me the winning numbers to play the lottery which I did, Can you believe my name was the first among winners. He told me (my son all I need you to do for me is make sure that you share this testimonies to others so that they can also win the lottery cause I do not have much time to spend on the internet) so that is why I am sharing this testimony with you that if you want to win the lottery this is how you will reach him through his Email address: dremmanuellottoryspellcaster@gmail.com call him or whats-app +1(332)253-4306 This the only answer to that your problem of winning the lottery.
I am out here to speed this good news to the entire world on how I got help from Dr Kachi a great lottery spell caster that will help you cast a lottery spell and give you the rightful numbers to win the lottery, I didn't believe lottery spell at first but as life got harder i decided to give a try, I spend so much money on tickets just to make sure I win. until the day I met Dr KACHI online, which so many people have talked good about, that he is very great when it comes to casting lottery spell, he told me the necessary things to do and behold it was like a magic, i won $20 Million Dollars Florida Powerball Double Play with the numbers Dr Kachi gave to me. his a really trustful person worthy and reliable, i am sharing this to you who have been finding it so hard to win the lottery, Thanks you Dr. Kachi who helped me contact email drkachispellcast@gmail.com OR Text Number and Call: +1 (209) 893-8075 Visit his Website: https://drkachispellcaster.wixsite.com/my-site
Thank you DOCTOR ODUNGA for making me fertile after 22 years of marriage. I am a barren woman, in fact now it is, I was a barren woman. I say this testimony in regards to Doctor Odunga who granted my wish after 22 years of marriage. No one in my people and friends or family believed I would ever get pregnant, not to talk of giving birth. Now I am a mother of twins? I am indeed the happiest woman to say this testimony for everyone to read. I am Eunice Stein. I am 54 years of age. This is my first writing on the net about anything this serious, especially as for 22 years I have not been pregnant once since I got married to my husband. Please, do you need help with your fertility problem? CONTACT DOCTOR ODUNGA. Do you need your problem solved such as getting your ex back? CONTACT DOCTOR ODUNGA. He is the solution to all your problems. His online email is odungaspelltemple@gmail.com he will solve all your problems OR Whats App/Call +2348167159012
I'm so happy that I finally won $13.3 million Mega Millions lottery jackpot, I took an advice from some person who talked about this great spell caster called Dr Emmanuel the person placed a testimonies on a blog saying how Dr Emmanuel helped him win the lottery by sending him the winning number I was curious and I thought it was all joke not until I contacted this spell caster to know for myself how this work cause I have spend a lot buying tickets and I never win. I contacted him and he told me the necessary thing that need to be done and I did it and he told me to wait for 3days and truly he gave me the winning numbers to play the lottery which I did, Can you believe my name was the first among winners. He told me (my son all I need you to do for me is make sure that you share this testimonies to others so that they can also win the lottery cause I do not have much time to spend on the internet) so that is why I am sharing this testimony with you that if you want to win the lottery this is how you will reach him through his Email address: dremmanuellottoryspellcaster@gmail.com call him or whats-app +1(332)253-4306 This the only answer to that your problem of winning the lottery.
I am a 58 years old grandmother who worked in a warehouse for years and I love playing lottery games but always fail in winning. I was researching online one evening when I saw random Testimonies of people appreciating dr alfred for giving them the right lottery winning numbers after casting a lottery spell. I spoke to him for help and he said, I will cast a spell and the lottery winning numbers will be revealed to me by my gods(Oracle). I provided his requirements to cast the spell. After casting the spell, He sent me some numbers and said PLAY WITHOUT FEAR. I bought 2 lottery scratch cards in a local shop and played. I won £1,000,000 pounds on the first one but I didn’t believe so I scratch other ticket and behold I won £10,000,000 pounds again. I immediately retired from my warehouse job when my winning amount hit my account. Bubuza is a great SEER and has changed my financial status. Contact him for help your own help drbusyspellhpome@gmail.com or whatssap dr alfred +2347051758952 he also explain to me he can also cure other illness like if you have any challenges with all this also Dem dr alfred he can also help you as FOLLOWING. 1.HEPATITIS 2.Lyme disease 3 EX back 4 lottery spell 5 hepatitis 6 STS 7 warts 8 diabeat
Hello everyone out here!! My Fiancée Lesbian who left me is back, I want to share my testimony it's my happiness with you all in this site, last year my Lesbian Wife left me for another woman, she abandon me alone and I miss her, since everything was so hard for me because i really love her so much, i didn’t lose hope i try my best to get her back when i was searching online and read testimonies of Dr Kachi how he has been helping ladies in getting there Ex lover back, I had no option than to seek for help, i contacted Dr Kachi explain my problem to him, Dr Kachi Guarantee me not to worry that's going to help me cast a return love spell for me, that will bring my Lesbian Wife back and assure me within 2days, it was just like a magic my wife who left me surely return back, i couldn't believe when she live the other lady and she come back to me with so much love and caring will are together now, I will never forget this help that Dr Kachi did for me, a love spell that brought my wife back. If you are here and you need help to get your Ex Lesbian back do contact Dr Kachi through this email: drkachispellcast@gmail.com I'm proud to be on his testimony page. His Number Text and Call +1 (209) 893-8075 Visit his Website: https://drkachispellcaster.wixsite.com/my-site
My stepfather and I love playing the lottery game and we always buy tickets together. Our win wasn’t always guaranteed so we lost together. I did research online on how to win the lottery when I saw numerous testimonies where people thanked lord Bubuza for revealing the right lottery winning numbers to them after casting his lottery spell. I discussed with him on WhatsApp:+1 951 442 2214 and he assured me that he will reveal the right lottery winning numbers to me to win the MEGA MILLION LOTTERY after casting his lottery spell, I provided his requirements to cast the spell and he gave me the lottery winning numbers 13-36-45-57-67 to play. I bought the ticket and played it, I knew I would win big because I trusted lord Bubuza's lottery spell and it happened just as he told me. I won 2,000,000 dollars, I lack words to thank Lord Bubuza. He is indeed a Genius. Join me thank him via email: Lordbubuzamiraclework @ hotmail . com or WhatsApp:+1 951 442 2214
Hello everyone out here!! My Fiancée Lesbian who left me is back, I want to share my testimony it's my happiness with you all in this site, last year my Lesbian Wife left me for another woman, she abandon me alone and I miss her, since everything was so hard for me because i really love her so much, i didn’t lose hope i try my best to get her back when i was searching online and read testimonies of Dr Kachi how he has been helping ladies in getting there Ex lover back, I had no option than to seek for help, i contacted Dr Kachi explain my problem to him, Dr Kachi Guarantee me not to worry that's going to help me cast a return love spell for me, that will bring my Lesbian Wife back and assure me within 2days, it was just like a magic my wife who left me surely return back, i couldn't believe when she live the other lady and she come back to me with so much love and caring will are together now, I will never forget this help that Dr Kachi did for me, a love spell that brought my wife back. If you are here and you need help to get your Ex Lesbian back do contact Dr Kachi through this email: drkachispellcast@gmail.com I'm proud to be on his testimony page. His Number Text and Call +1 (209) 893-8075 Visit his Website: https://drkachispellcaster.wixsite.com/my-site
My name is Matt. I'm here to say a very big thanks to Priest Salami and his great Oracle for saving my marriage. No one would have believe that I and my wife will ever come back together again as lovers. But this great spell caster reunited us in just 48hours. Priest Salami is truly a real and honest online spell caster. Contact him now on: purenaturalhealer@gmail.com. Whatsapp number: +2348143757229
I'm so happy that I finally won $13.3 million Mega Millions lottery jackpot, I took an advice from some person who talked about this great spell caster called Dr Emmanuel the person placed a testimonies on a blog saying how Dr Emmanuel helped him win the lottery by sending him the winning number I was curious and I thought it was all joke not until I contacted this spell caster to know for myself how this work cause I have spend a lot buying tickets and I never win. I contacted him and he told me the necessary thing that need to be done and I did it and he told me to wait for 3days and truly he gave me the winning numbers to play the lottery which I did, Can you believe my name was the first among winners. He told me (my son all I need you to do for me is make sure that you share this testimonies to others so that they can also win the lottery cause I do not have much time to spend on the internet) so that is why I am sharing this testimony with you that if you want to win the lottery this is how you will reach him through his Email address: dremmanuellottoryspellcaster@gmail.com call him or whats-app +1(332)253-4306 This the only answer to that your problem of winning the lottery.
Hello everyone out here!! My Fiancée Lesbian who left me is back, I want to share my testimony it's my happiness with you all in this site, last year my Lesbian Wife left me for another woman, she abandon me alone and I miss her, since everything was so hard for me because i really love her so much, i didn’t lose hope i try my best to get her back when i was searching online and read testimonies of Dr Kachi how he has been helping ladies in getting there Ex lover back, I had no option than to seek for help, i contacted Dr Kachi explain my problem to him, Dr Kachi Guarantee me not to worry that's going to help me cast a return love spell for me, that will bring my Lesbian Wife back and assure me within 2days, it was just like a magic my wife who left me surely return back, i couldn't believe when she live the other lady and she come back to me with so much love and caring will are together now, I will never forget this help that Dr Kachi did for me, a love spell that brought my wife back. If you are here and you need help to get your Ex Lesbian back do contact Dr Kachi through this email: drkachispellcast@gmail.com I'm proud to be on his testimony page. His Number Text and Call +1 (209) 893-8075 Visit his Website: https://drkachispellcaster.wixsite.com/my-site
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Nicely explained sir.
Thanks Rahul...
Sir please make a blog about oil discharging procedures as per marpol
AM SANDRA FROM CANADA, THANKS TO DR ONIHA WHO HELP ME BRING MY HUSBAND BACK, MY HUSBAND LEFT ME WITH THREE KIDS, FOR ANOTHER YOUNG GIRL, FOR OVER TWO YEARS, I TRIED ALL I COULD TO SETTLED OUR DIFFRENCES, BUT IT YIELDED NO RESULT, I WAS THE ONE TAKING CARE OF THE CHILDREN ALONE, UNTIL ONE DAY, I CAME IN CONTACT WITH SOME ARTICLES ONLINE, CONTAINING HOW DR ONIHA HAS HELP SO MANY LOVERS AND FAMILY REUNION AND REUNIT AGAIN, AND I DECIDED TO CONTACT HIM, AND HE CAST HIS SPELL ON MY HUSBAND, WITHIN FIVE DAYS, MY HUSBAND RAN BACK HOME, AND WAS BEGGING ME AND THE KIDS FOR FORGIVENESS, IN CASE YOU ARE PASSING THROUGH SIMILAR PROBLEMS, AND YOU WANTS TO CONTACT DR ONIHA, YOU CAN REACH HIM VIA HIS CONTACT NUMBER, ON CALL OR WHATSAP +2347089275769 OR EMAIL DRONIHASPELL@YAHOO.COM
I'm super excited to share this amazing testimony on how I won $70,000,000 Million dollars with the help of Dr Benjamin who gave me some lottery winning numbers, I have been playing lottery games for years now and I never won, one fateful day my colleague told me how he had helped his cousin win lottery and he gave me his contact information, after the close of the day I emailed him and he responded after some time, I told him all I wanted and he assured me that he's going to help me as he has done for many. After some time he gave me an instruction which I followed diligently, later that night he gave me the numbers and I played it as instructed to my biggest surprise I was among the luck winners. It was a dream come through for me. My big thank you Dr Benjamin for your selfless services to humanity and I pray that you reap the fruit of your services now and always. If you need same miracle he's open to helping as many that comes to him for help, he can help you too. Contact him today via his personal information, Email: drbenjaminlottospell711@gmail.com Whatsapp:+17066036031 ..............