Framo pump on board tankers

I recently met a 3rd officer. I had a conversation with him about less number of jobs these days for junior officers.

He told me how he got the job just after clearing his exams while his friends were still waiting.

You might ask what edge he had over his friends !!!

Well, he had worked on ships (tankers) with Framo pumps.

I was like.. what ??  Now Framo system helping to get the jobs on ships.

Few seconds later when I got my breath back, I realised how Framo has captured the tanker market.

Truth be told, Submersible pumps are the present and future of the tanker industry.

This makes the knowledge of Submersible pumps and Framo system so much important. This post is about the basics of the Framo pump so let’s start with that.

How a centrifugal pump works ?

Framo submersible pumps are centrifugal pumps. So before we discuss Framo pumps, we must know how a centrifugal pump works ?

And this video might help in understanding of how a centrifugal pump works.

I am not going in details of how a centrifugal pump works. But if you watch the above video, you would know that it has three main components

Prime mover provides the energy for the impeller to rotate. Impeller rotates and pushes the liquid into the volute casing.

Volute casing has a spiral structure. It has narrow opening at the entry of liquid and the size of opening increases along the passage of liquid.

Centrifugal pump

This means that as the liquid travels in the volute casing, velocity reduces and pressure increases. This is as per Bernoilli’s Theorum.

This is the most basic points we should know before we proceed with any kind of centrifugal pump.

Components of FRAMO system

As with all centrifugal pumps, Framo pump also have

  • Impeller
  • Volute casing

But apart from being a centrifugal pump, FRAMO is also a submersible pump. That is the pump is fitted inside the cargo tank and will be submerged in the liquid (cargo).

Keeping this in mind, let us discuss the components of FRAMO system to better understand this.

1. Hydraulic Motor

For the centrifugal pump to work, impeller need to rotate. But impeller would not rotate on its own. It need a source of energy (prime mover).

In steam turbine centrifugal pumps, this energy is provided by steam. For electric pumps, electric motor provides this energy for rotating the impeller.

In FRAMO system, this energy is provided by the Hydraulic motor using the pressurised hydraulic oil.

How ? Well we all have read the below law of conservation of energy. Haven’t we ?

“Energy can neither be created not destroyed. It can only be converted from one form to another”

Hydraulic motor converts pressure energy of high hydraulic oil pressure to rotational energy to rotate the impeller.

Below diagram is the most basic diagram that shows how a hydraulic motor works.


hydraulic motor

High pressure oil enters the motor. It rotates the shaft and low pressure oil leaves the motor.

In Framo system, you will not be able to see the hydraulic motor as it is placed in the outer casing.

Framo pump

And there are no serviceable parts in a Framo hydraulic motor.

2. Power Packs

For the Hydraulic motor to rotate the impeller, there need to be high pressure of hydraulic oil.

Power packs supply this high pressure hydraulic oil to the Framo hydraulic motor.

Power packs are either installed in the forecastle store or in the engine room of the ship.

Power pack system consists of

  • A hydraulic oil tank to draw the oil from
  • High pressure pump to take suction from the Hydraulic tanks and pump this oil into the hydraulic pipeline on deck
  • Electric motor to run the High pressure pump

Basic line diagram of Power pack system Framo

It is important that hydraulic oil tank always have sufficient oil for the high pressure pump. If it has less or no oil, the pump will get damaged.

Less or no oil can be because of two reasons.

  • No oil in the tank
  • Closed Suction valve to the power pack

There are two safe gaurds in the Framo system to ensure this.

  • “Closed suction line” trip
  • “Low oil level” trip

Closed suction valve trip

If the suction valve for the high pressure pump is closed, the power pack will trip. This ensures that the suction valve of the pump to take suction from hydraulic tank is not inadvertantly closed.

The alarm for the trip will display in cargo control room as well as Engine control room.

Suction line close alarm on Framo panel

There is a sensor arrangement for the suction valve, which senses if the suction valve is fully open.

In old Framo system this could be a manual valve with its handle touching the sensor. If the suction valve is even slightly closed, its looses the touch of sensor and trip is activated.

In new systems, the valve is not a manual valves. In this case the a proximity sensor is fitted on top of the valve, that senses if the valve is fully open or not.

Low oil level trip

The power pack can loose suction if there isn’t sufficient oil in the hydraulic tank. For this reason when the oil level in the hydraulic tank goes below minimum level, the power pack will trip.

The oil level in the hydraulic tank is kept just above the alarm level. This ensures that any leakage in the line will be immediately detected without the loss of much of hydrualic oil.

There are two alarms for low level

  • Low Level alarms, and
  • Low Low level Alarm

Oil level low alarms on Framo

When the level is at Low level, an alarm will activate and will be displayed in CCR and ECR.

If the level of the oil further drops to “Low Low”, the hydraulic oil system (Power pack) will trip.

If the low oil level trip is activated, the reason for low level must be investigated. The oil can then be refilled either from the standby tank or spare drums whichever available.

It is important to fill only the correct grade of hydraulic oil.

3. Cofferdam and Purging routine

So far we have discussed that

  • Framo pump is run by hydraulic motor and
  • Hydraulic motor gets the pressurised hydraulic oil from the power packs

Now let us see the internal parts of the framo pump.

Framp pump components

If you notice,

  • the red section is the high pressure hydraulic oil going into the hydraulic motor.
  • Yellow part is the hydraulic oil return.

Both these pipes are concentric to each other. Like in below picture.

Hydraulic pipes inside framo pump

This pump is inside the cargo tank and there are two liquids (hydraulic oil and cargo) that should not come in contact.

If the hydraulic oil leak into the cargo, cargo can damage. If cargo goes into the hydraulic oil, the hydraulic system will damage.

As you might have guessed, there is something in the Framo pump to prevent that.  There is hydraulic seal that prevents hydraulic oil leakage to the cargo side. And there is cargo seal that prevents cargo leaking into the hydraulic side.

But seals can leak overtime, right ? so if any of these seals are leaking, how would we know ?

That is exactly the purpose of cofferdam.

You can think of cofferdam as a steel cup with cargo seal at the bottom. Any hydraulic oil or cargo leakage will collect in this cofferdam.

Cofferdam for Framo pump

It is important to know if the cofferdam is empty or not. And this is done by purging the cofferdam.

We introduce air or nitrogen in the cofferdam and check the outlet of the purging line.

Cofferdam purging framo

  • If we just get the air in outlet of purging line, the cofferdam is empty. So no leakage of hydraulic oil or cargo and both the seals are intact.
  • If we get cargo in the cofferdam, it indicates that the cargo seal of the Framo pump is leaking
  • If we get Hydraulic oil in the cofferdam, it indicates that Hydraulic oil seal of the framo pump is leaking
  • If we get mixture of Hydraulic oil and cargo, it indicates that both oil seal and cargo seal are leaking

If any of the seal is leaking, it need to be replaced with new seal after the discharging and tank cleaning of the tank.

Framo has a purging routine which shows when the purging of the pump cofferdam need to be carried out.

Framp pump cofferdam purging

[Click here for larger view]

We must keep  history of purging records for all previous voyages.

For some cargoes, we are supposed to not do the cofferdam purging. These may be toxic cargoes such Toluene Diisocynate or solidifying cargoes such as Palm oil.

In these cases we need to fill the cofferdam with some liquid (DOP in case of loading TDI) so that cofferdam is not blocked with the cargo.

4. STC Valve (Before known as “Flow control valve)

Now we have the pump and the hydraulic system to run the pump.

But like any other type of cargo pump, Framo too would have an operational requirement.

To be able to run the pump at different speeds

To achieve this, we should be able to control the flow of the hydraulic oil to the hydraulic motor of the Framo pump. This is because more the flow of pressurised oil to the hydraulic motor, more speed the impeller will rotate.

This is exactly what Speed torque controller does. STC is fitted on top plate of the pump on main deck. The Hydraulic oil inlet pass through the STC.

STC Valve Framo pump

STC of the pump controls the speed of the pump by allowing only the required amount of hydraulic oil to pass through to the hydraulic motor.

STC also prevent the pump to overspeed by controlling the amount of oil to the hydraulic motor of the pump.

There are two ways to control the speed of the pump through STC.

  • From the local control on the STC
  • From the cargo control room

Local control valve on STC

With local control valve, we can control the speed of the pump locally from the pump itself. This becomes handy during stripping of the tanks or tank cleaning.

Local control valve is a kind of knob located on the STC. When we close the knob (by turning clockwise), the STC passes the oil to the pump.

Local control valve on STC Framp pump

When we open the knob (by turning anti clockwise), the STC bypasses all the oil and nothing goes into the hydraulic motor. Pump stops or do not run in this case.

By partially closing the local control valve, we can adjust the speed of the pump.

 Starting the pump from the cargo control room

Speed of the pump (or we can say operation of STC) can also be controlled from cargo control room.

We do this by a lever provided in the cargo control room. Each pump has a lever that connects with the STC of that pump by a hydraulic control line.

Lever for remote starting the framo pump

As we push the lever up to start the pump, a signal in form of hydraulic control line pressure goes to the STC.

STC then releases the amount of oil to the hydraulic motor which will be corresponding to the amount to lever lifted.

Here is the actual photo of the STC and pump stack on deck.

Framo pump stack

Remote start and Local start

Both, the remote start from CCR and local start from the pump location are interconnected.

We cannot start the pump from local control if the pump Lever is not pushed up from the CCR.

Same goes other way around.

If the local control knob is in open position, the pump will not work even when the pump lever is operated from CCR.

So for the pump to operate, STC need to have the signal from both from local control valve as well as remote lever in CCR.

If we need to start the pump from local control

  • We open the local control valve by rotating it anti clockwise
  • We push the lever up from the CCR
  • We operate the pump locally by slowly closing the local control valve

If we have to start the pump from CCR

  • We close the local control valve by rotating it clock wise
  • From CCR , we push the lever up to start the pump

5. Feed Pumps

For the Framo system to work efficiently, the hydraulic oil used in the system need to be in absolute good condition.

There are few things that can degrade the hydraulic oil quality.

  • Moisture ingress due to hydraulic lines being in vacuum due to temperature variation
  • Air in the system that can cause vibrations, frothing of the oil etc.
  • Small particles that can be inside the oil during filling of hydraulic oil tank or after a maintenance on the system

Feed pump takes care of all of these issues. Here is how.

Feed pump always keep on running, 365 days in a year, 24 hours a day. Feed pump maintains positive pressure in the lines and hydraulic system . It continuously recirculate the oil through entire hydraulic oil system

Usually pressure of more than 5 Bars is maintained in the system even when the system is not in use.

Now when the system is always under positive pressure, the chances of moisture ingress are minimum

Air if any is auto released to the Hydraulic tank while recirculation. Off course if air is still suspected in the system, there is air purging arrangements in the Framo.

And any particles in the system are filtered while feed pump runs the hydraulic oil in recirculation mode. This is because the recirculated oil is made to pass through the filter.

Recirculation of hydraulic oil through feed pump also avoids oil temperature variations at different parts of the hydraulic system.

There is another function that feed pump serves.

It helps in keeping the feed pressure on the suction side of the main hydraulic pump. This means that when high pressure power pack pumps are taking suction from the hydraulic tank, feed pump ensures that there is no negative pressure on the suction side.

Feed pump alarms

One of the feed pumps must always be running when the power packs are not in operation. If the feed pump stops, the “protection pressure Low” alarms will be initiated.

Protection pressure alarm Framo

When starting the first main power pack, two feed pumps will automatically start before the power pack is started. This is called high capacity mode of feed system. This is to keep the feed pressure on the suction side of the main hydraulic pump.

Now let us say that one of the feed pump stops while running in high capacity mode and the power packs are running. In this case the third feed pump will start automatically.

If running signal for the third feed pump is not obtained within 3 seconds, the “feed pressure low” alarm will be initiated and power packs will shut down.

feed pressure low alarm Framo

6. Cooling and heating system

Hydraulic oil used in any hydraulic system has a optimum temperature range for use. This is because higher temperature can damage the seals and other components and also it accelerates the degradation of oil.

Hydraulic oil used in Framo system is no exception.

Depending upon the surrounding temperature, the hydraulic oil used in Framo may be below or above this temperature range.

If it is above the optimum range, the oil will need cooling. If it is below the optimum range, it would need heating.

Framo Temperature range

Even if the surrounding tempertaure is within optimum range, the oil temperature will increase during operation.

If the surrounding temperature is below 20 C, we need to open the heating and venting valve for heating with one power pack running. When the oil temperature is well within operating range, other power packs can be started.

Same goes for when the surrounding temperature is higher. The hydraulic oil is made to pass through a oil cooler to cool the oil before delivery on deck.

The cooling water inlet valve is automatically controlled. It will open at hydraulic oil temperature above 50 C and will close when temperature decreases to below 30 C.

The “high oil temperature alarm will activate if the oil temperature is above 60 C.

Oil temperature alarms Framo

When oil temperature reaches 70 C, the power packs will trip.

7. Emergency Stops

One final thing (among many other) that the operator of the Framo pumps need to know is about “Emergency stops” for the pumps.

These are the push buttons installed at different locations. When pressed, the hydraulic system will trip immidiately.

emergency stop Framo system

The common locations for these emergency stops are

  • Cargo control room
  • Manifold port side
  • Manifold starboard side
  • At the power pack location

On each ship, there could be few locations for emergency stop for Hydraulic system. We must know all of these locations.

Conclusion

Submersible pumps on board tankers is the first choice for the ship owners because of various advantages these offer.

This is particularly the case with chemical and product MR and LR tankers.

Framo is leader among the submersible pumps fitted on board tankers. For anyone working on tankers, this makes the thorough knowledge of the Framo system a necessity.

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Capt Rajeev Jassal

About Capt Rajeev Jassal

Capt. Rajeev Jassal has sailed for over 24 years mainly on crude oil, product and chemical tankers. He holds MBA in shipping & Logistics degree from London. He has done extensive research on quantitatively measuring Safety culture onboard and safety climate ashore which he believes is the most important element for safer shipping.

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91 Comments

Vishal
Vishal
7 years before

That's one of the most efficient blog on a marine topic. Keep it up!

Rajeev Jassal
Rajeev Jassal
7 years before

Thanks Vishal.. Just trying to give the salt back to sea..

Jairamkrishna Muthumaniraja
Jairamkrishna Muthumaniraja
7 years before

"Enlightening post" for me as a Junior engineer who needs more like this... "Thank you" everyone who made this to reach me

Rajeev Jassal
Rajeev Jassal
7 years before

Thanks Jairamkrishna..

Jairamkrishna
Jairamkrishna
7 years before

Sir I have some doubts and also need some guidance, how to contact you?

chandan
chandan
7 years before

Thanks a lot, it was worth reading your blog.

Rajeev Jassal
Rajeev Jassal
7 years before

Glad you found it useful Chandan..

kwstas diama
kwstas diama
7 years before

hello. I am working on vessel with the framo system and I need some help. system is adjusted 200 bar when try to increase the cargo pumps near to 180 the system pressure fall down and is impossible to increase more

sunil singh
sunil singh
7 years before

you might have started more pumps so in that case you need to start addtional power pack

Shatrughn Kumar
Shatrughn Kumar
7 years before

Very comprehensive and useful information in simple language... easy to understand... Thanks a lot.

Rajeev Jassal
Rajeev Jassal
7 years before

Glad you found it useful...

Renjith Rajendran
Renjith Rajendran
7 years before

Simply u give me a great knowledge... Thank u

Rajeev Jassal
Rajeev Jassal
7 years before

Thanks, Renjith...

Rakesh Rana
Rakesh Rana
7 years before

thank you sir for the wonderful blog, could you please explain why LPG or LNG ships do not have framo pumps

Rajeev Jassal
Rajeev Jassal
7 years before

Framo pumps are centrifugal pumps. I guess since LPG and LNG carry gaseous products, the centrifugal pumps are not suitable for these ships.

JJ
JJ
7 years before

Very clear... very educational. Keep it up.

Rajeev Jassal
Rajeev Jassal
7 years before

Thank you, JJ...

N. AMOL
N. AMOL
7 years before

sir you made it very simple to me...thank you.

Rajeev Jassal
Rajeev Jassal
7 years before

Glad you found it useful Amol...

Bill B.
Bill B.
7 years before

Thank you very much for this useful and easy to read post.

Rajeev Jassal
Rajeev Jassal
7 years before

Thanks, Bill...

Salem
Salem
5 years before

Hello, could you please tell me what is the type of pump of power pack?

SM halbe
SM halbe
6 years before

Excellent blog. Very informative. Maybe you can add under puging: how much liquid should you start worrying, for eg, if you find 1litre of hydraulic oil, then its OK, but 25 litres is an indication that seal needs renewal. Great write up anyway!!

Rajeev Jassal
Rajeev Jassal
5 years before

1L per day is also not normal. As per Framo 0.25L/day is acceptable. Anything more than that is not acceptable.

Tarun
Tarun
6 years before

Beautifully described !

Rajeev Jassal
Rajeev Jassal
5 years before

Thanks Tarun...

jamie
jamie
6 years before

Excellent Post and useful information, easy to read and understand

Rajeev Jassal
Rajeev Jassal
5 years before

Glad you liked it Jamie...

Mahabubur rahman
Mahabubur rahman
6 years before

Very helpful and important blog and information. Thanks to you for your useful bloging post.

Rajeev Jassal
Rajeev Jassal
5 years before

Thanks Mahabubur...

Satyam kothari
Satyam kothari
6 years before

KUDOS TO YOU SIR VERY WELL WRITTEN BLOG ... FOR SOMEONE WHO HAS DONE ONLY COP SHIPS LIKE ME ..THIS WAS A WONDERFUL INTRODUCTION TO FRAMO SHIP .. I WOULD HEREBY LIKE TO ASK REGARDING THE CHECKS THAT ARE BEING CARRIED OUT ON THE FRAMO SYSTEM BEFORE CARGO OPERATION

vijeesh kumar C
vijeesh kumar C
6 years before

Excellent..made it so simple..thanks alot sir...awaiting more posts

ricky
ricky
6 years before

could u pls xplain heating arrangement for hydraulic oil

Jan Michael Jardiolin
Jan Michael Jardiolin
6 years before

Im a fan. thank you sir.

Jin
Jin
6 years before

Dear Capt.

Pankaj mehta
Pankaj mehta
6 years before

Very nice information in a simple words thank you sir for passing your knowledge to juniors like us

Bernard Argenio
Bernard Argenio
6 years before

Deeply Grateful for your blogs Sir.....I learned a lot and answered my questions..... You are a very good teacher

Jeeva Samson
Jeeva Samson
6 years before

sir can you write about the tanker operations like purging inerting, gasfreeing with respect to dilution and displacement(for multiple tanks at the same time) methods it would be helful if u can put some line diagrams.... tnx

Sawan kumar
Sawan kumar
6 years before

Thx sir, the concept of framo system explained very well.and it is easy to understand now

Wyatt Erf Gabuen
Wyatt Erf Gabuen
6 years before

Good day sir. Iwlould like to ask something regarding the problems we encountered with our Framo system onboard. The consumer pressure in remote control is running at 100bars. When i tried to increase the system pressure to 120bars the indication of the system pressure started to fluctuate. So the fluctuation only stops when the system pressure and the consumer pressure are the same. We carried out cleaning of filters and replacement of directional valve. Same problem occured. Thank you in advace for any comment or suggestion that you can share to us.

Asanka
Asanka
5 years before

First release the air from system when you change the filter and replacement of any parts.

Wyatt Erf Gabuen
Wyatt Erf Gabuen
6 years before

Correction sir i mean its the proportional valve that was replaced. Thanks

sunil
sunil
6 years before

awsome knowledge

Amith.M
Amith.M
6 years before

Really very good information about Framo... Thank you...

grigore
grigore
5 years before

Could you please describe more detailed the heating system? For how long time we should keep heating on? Let's say, oil temp. 43 C, outside temp. 2 C, start one power pack at minimum pressure(50-60 bars), second feed pump started auto.The oil temp. drops down to 19 C than start rising up until 28 C. Then what we should do in order to start using system at full power? As long as one feed pump is continuously running why we do not have all the time oil temp. 43 C , in this case.

Henrique Santos
Henrique Santos
5 years before

Excelent work. Congratulations

Prabhat Pandey
Prabhat Pandey
5 years before

Awesome explanation Sir crystal clear Thankful for all topics you have explained Thank you very much sir.

MR
MR
5 years before

Thank lots,It is useful and easy to read and understand with images.

Prakash
Prakash
5 years before

For Time Charter vessels: a) Can we run all 18 pumps together at 50% load . Or by batch of pumps at 100% ( max designed). Will there be a claim later ,as most of the TCP ( Time charter) mention that discharging to complete within 24 hours.In fact stripping also takes time and is this added practically.

Ajay sharma
Ajay sharma
5 years before

Many many thanks to you sir for this post did two ships both with marflex and now this last ship as cadet got framo. You enlightened me and many others sir thank you so much.

Salem
Salem
5 years before

Hello, could you please tell me what is the type of pump of power pack?

arun gulati
arun gulati
5 years before

Appropriately worded. Keep doing this great job. Take up more topics also. Best regards, Arun Gulati, Chief Engineer

arun gulati
arun gulati
5 years before

Appropriately worded. Keep doing this great job. Take up more topics also. Best regards, Arun Gulati, Chief Engineer

arun gulati
arun gulati
5 years before

Appropriately worded. Keep doing this great job. Take up more topics also. Best regards, Arun Gulati, Chief Engineer

Taewhan
Taewhan
5 years before

I hope to see you and tell you how thanks to me these post. Keep going this posting. Thank you so much!

Aaditya Bhatia
Aaditya Bhatia
5 years before

Sir i am a cadet and was looking for material which would be easy to understand and this was by far the best and i could clear a lot of my concept. Thank you.

Ramachandra Tendulkar
Ramachandra Tendulkar
5 years before

Nicely compiled and very useful information

Saurabh Dwivedi
Saurabh Dwivedi
5 years before

Thanks for providing Very informative and helpful blog. Sir I have a doubt if framo pump fail or not working then how will discharge cargo ?????

Mitesh solanki
Mitesh solanki
5 years before

This is a very useful for me. Thank u so much sir...

Minakshi Kumari
Minakshi Kumari
5 years before

Thank you so much for such nice explanation... I have no words to describe how useful it was. So simple explanation...

s.p. roy mohapatra
s.p. roy mohapatra
4 years before

we are facing one issue with framo system...onboard have two diesel n two..both diesel power pack couldnot symc with electric power pack...although both diesel power pack can share load (it was confirmed with the movement of swash plate that moves from 15 to 0) while running with each other but not with electric...moment we start electric power pack all the load is coming on electric power pack n swash plate of diesel goes to zero..tried sharing by interchanging with each other but response remains same...need an urgent reply thank you.

sudheer
sudheer
4 years before

I have seen many ships, Even two feed pumps are running, the system pressure keeps on fluctuating between 6 to 7 Bar.. what may be the reason??

Rahman
Rahman
4 years before

Sir how i can simply give the definition of framo pump??

Sumit Kumar
Sumit Kumar
4 years before

Thanks the blog is amazing ????

Serge
Serge
4 years before

Good evening Slop tank pump SD 150 purging blocks, pump stripped down till hydro motor part. Still blocked . Try purge from down and top, no progress. Any advice? Thanks in advance.

tdps
tdps
4 years before

thank you sir for this :)

Prasad Londhe
Prasad Londhe
4 years before

Great article for all , and loved your site .. you can consider writing about How to read the Framo pump performance curves .

Amar anand
Amar anand
4 years before

nice blog sir

Praveenkr Tyagi
Praveenkr Tyagi
4 years before

Beautiful Capt Jassal .....

Quazi Ariful Alam
Quazi Ariful Alam
4 years before

How shall we dispose of the leakage quantity collected from cofferdam?

adnan
adnan
4 years before

extra ordinary work by capt.rajeev

Raghavendra
Raghavendra
4 years before

It's explained so crystal clear that anyone wud understand the framo system. Thanks alot sir... Got so many things cleared from this blog.... Hats of sir. Keep this spirit going ..

Steven
Steven
3 years before

Greatly explained as always , is there any publication or dvd course or online training to pay ofcourse , with many hrs of in depth training on the system ?

Nahid Hasan
Nahid Hasan
3 years before

excellent writing

ARPIT BANSAL
ARPIT BANSAL
3 years before

Nice explained sir,At least I understand the whole system of hydraulic and pumps how does they work.Thanks a ton sir.

ali salim
ali salim
3 years before

please can you help me. what is What is the minimum permissible load temperature for discharging the cargo? HFO 380. many thanks for your

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3 years before

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3 years before

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3 years before

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RockyRocks
RockyRocks
3 years before

Wow! Unexpected! I'm truly amazed! Thank you Captain sir for this well explained information about framo pumps. I really appreciated your efforts for this article especially for us who are new in the industry of tanker shipping. And the most amazing thing is, I get to meet you personally Sir Rajeev Jassal. Safe sailing sir.

Piyush Kumar Goyal
Piyush Kumar Goyal
2 years before

Sir thanks for explain in such a nice way.!!!! ????????????????????????

Simranjeet Singh
Simranjeet Singh
2 years before

Hello can you please tell how to read performance curves of framo pump

Mohammad zaki
Mohammad zaki
2 years before

Sir, u hve done very good job, nd I got lots of ideas frm ds blog, thnx a lot, keep it up, gbu..!

Hamid
Hamid
1 year before

It was a good lecture, but concentrated on prim mover. I recommend to add some more about FRAMO pump operation and cargo discharging. Thank you.

Bhanu Prakash
Bhanu Prakash
1 year before

One of the best artical I have ever seen. Thankyou sir

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